TRANSLATING TEXTS OF SOCIAL SCIENCES

Exercise #1

Translate the text into Indonesian

  

If you have ever started a business, you must be aware that no matter how great your product or service is, your business won’t head anywhere unless you make a sale. Marketing helps you get the product to a consumer, but as an art, it is extensive. Consumers must be grouped according to various categories (market segmentation) based on some similarity or commonality. There are various ways to segment a market: Geographical segmentation, lifestyle or psychographic segmentation, distribution segmentation, price segmentation and demographic segmentation, just to name a few.

However, our focus is on the demographic segmentation, which generally involves grouping the markets into sub-categories based on demographic variables such as occupation, age, religion, nationality, gender, income, race, family size and education. Most marketers prefer segmenting a market based on demographic variables, partly due to the fact that a customer’s preferences are closely related to variables such as age and income.

Exercise #2

Translate the text into English

1 Mei 1918 merupakan peringatan Hari Buruh Sedunia pertama di Indonesia dan pertama di Asia. Peringatan ini dilakukan di Surabaya, Jawa Timur, di bawah kendali Serikat Buruh Kung Tang Hwee Koan dan Persatuan Sosial Demokrat Hindia Belanda (ISDV). Henk Sneevliet didampingi Bars, pimpinan ISDV, menyampaikan pesan yang terkenal dengan judul “Peringatan 1 Mei Pertama Kita”. Tulisan Sneevliet dipublikasi secara massal. Namun, belum mendapat sambutan baik dari masyarakat Hindia-Belanda (Indonesia).

Peringatan Hari Buruh Sedunia pertama di Indonesia didominasi oleh golongan kaum komunis. Baru kemudian pada tahun 1921, golongan komunis dan non-komunis, di bawah pimpinan H.O.S. Tjokroaminoto bersatu bersama-sama merayakan Hari Buruh Sedunia. Anak didik Tjokroaminoto, Soekarno, naik ke atas podium memberikan sebuah pidato mewakili Serikat Buruh yang pada waktu itu masih di bawah pengaruh Sarekat Islam (SI).

Perayaan Hari Buruh Sedunia lebih progresif terjadi pada tahun 1923. Semaun, Ketua SI Semarang, memimpin aksi pemogokan masal VSTP (serikat buruh kereta api) di Semarang. Pemogokan tersebut mengangkat isu utama seperti waktu kerja delapan jam, penundaan penghapusan bonus sampai janji kenaikan gaji dipenuhi, penanganan perselisihan ditangani oleh satu badan arbitrase independen, dan pelarangan PHK tanpa alasan.

Peringatan Hari Buruh Sedunia mendapat pelarangan saat pemerintahan Soeharto berkuasa. Karena pada masa orde baru itu peringatan Hari Buruh Sedunia dianggap sebagai aktivitas subversif, dikaitkan dengan gerakan komunis dan peristiwa G30S. Setelah pemerintahan orde baru tumbang, rakyat Indonesia kembali merayakan Hari Buruh Sedunia sampai sekarang.

Pada peringatan Hari Buruh Sedunia 2015, kaum buruh Indonesia turun ke jalan untuk menyuarakan dan menuntut hak-haknya. Tuntutan mereka hampir sama dengan tahun sebelumnya. Saat ini kaum buruh Indonesia tidak hanya terhimpit oleh persoalan lama seperti upah rendah, outsourcing, sistem kerja kontrak, dan jaminan sosial minim. Tapi juga harus berhadapan dengan arus masuk buruh dari negara ASEAN lainnya. Kepastian kerja semakin tipis, daya tawar menurun.

Pencabutan subsidi dan menyerahkan ekonomi pada pasar bebas, berdampak pada kenaikan harga-harga kebutuhan pokok dan BBM. Begitu juga dengan naiknya biaya kesehatan dan pendidikan yang mengakibatkan rakyat semakin sengsara.

Kaum buruh Indonesia terus melakukan aksi bersama turun ke jalan selama negara belum berpihak kepada kesejahteraan rakyat. Selama sistem ekonomi masih menghamba pada kepentingan kaum modal yang berdampak pada penindasan kaum pekerja.

Pada momentum Hari Buruh Sedunia 2015 ini, kaum buruh Indonesia menyerukan 10 Tuntutan Buruh dan Rakyat Indonesia (Sepultura), yaitu:

1. Hapus sistem kerja kontrak dan outsourcing.
2. Tolak politik upah murah: berlakukan upah layak nasional.
3. Tolak PHK, union busting, dan kriminalisasi anggota dan pengurus serikat buruh.
4. Laksanakan hak-hak buruh perempuan dan lindungi buruh migran indonesia.
5. Tangkap, adili, dan penjarakan pengusaha nakal.
6. Jaminan sosial bukan asuransi sosial.
7. Turunkan harga BBM dan kebutuhan pokok.
8. Pendidikan dan kesehatan gratis untuk rakyat;.
9. Tolak privatisasi: bangun industri  nasional untuk kesejahteraan rakyat.
10. Tanah dan air untuk kesejahteraan rakyat

Hari Buruh Sedunia harus diisi dengan penyatuan kekuatan gerakan buruh. Perjuangan buruh bukan saja merupakan perjuangan domestik, tetapi juga internasional. Karena hampir semua bentuk eksploitasi, hubungan produksi dan sistem ekonomi yang merugikan buruh, bersifat internasional.

 

TRANSLATING FROM JOURNALS OR MANUALS

Exercise #1
Translate this text into Indonesian
   

Failure to meet eligibility requirements

Applications were assessed against the eligibility requirements listed in the Applicant Guidelines. Applications that did not meet the eligibility requirements have been assessed as ineligible. Common reasons applications were marked ineligible:

• documentation meeting language requirements such as TOEFL/IELTS or transcript of at least one year of study in an approved country was not provided.
• an unconditional/conditional admission letter from an Australian institution for commencement during the correct year was not provided (international applicants).
• nomination from a host organisation for commencement during the correct year was not provided.
• proof of citizenship from an eligible country was not provided.
• applicant did not supply weighted academic transcripts with a score card explaining grading system.

Failure to follow the Applicant Guidelines may result in an ineligible application. It is therefore essential that applicants read all of the instructions carefully and ensure they meet all eligibility requirements prior to commencing an application.

Exercise #2

 Function Flows

The loading process begins the moment the application is started, where the program’s configuration file is referenced and any existing dictionaries cached to disk are retrieved and stored in memory.  If the configuration file indicates a dictionary not recovered from disk is needed, the new dictionary is constructed from its source files or databases and held in memory.  Once all dictionaries are assembled and accounted for, the application enters a second stage of operation in which is waits for spell check requests to process.

When a spell check request is detected, the program parses the provided search phrase using a “Formatter” into a list of one or more checkable terms (IE, words separated by spaces, the entire unaltered search phrase, etc.).  These terms are supplied to a function loop which moves through the list of spell check “Rules” (pairs of spell checking algorithms and their associated dictionaries to check against) to identify if the specified word or term exists in a dictionary (and thereby assume to be spelled correctly) or otherwise generate a list of suggested words or terms that the algorithm indicates may be related to the user-submitted search term.  The list of suggestions accumulates during this function loop, and when there are no more search terms to process, and every algorithm has been run to its completion, the resulting set of suggested words or terms is sent to the origin of the spell check request.  At this point, the program returns to its “waiting” state and lies dormant until the next search request occurs.

   

Professional Translation II

Purpose of the Course: to enable students to translate texts and passages on any areas

Materials of the Course:
1. Translating texts from textbooks or manuals or journals.
2. Translating texts of social sciences
3. Translating texts of medical sciences
4. Translating texts of engineering sciences
5. Translating texts of literary works
6. Interprating

 TRANSLATING TEXTS FROM TEXTBOOKS OR MANUALS OR JOURNALS

Characteristics:

1. Formal style of language

2. General register of vocabulary

example:

#1

Communicative competence involves knowing not only the language code, but also what to say to whom, and how to say it appropriately in any given situation. It deals with the social and cultural knowledge speakers are presumed to have to enable them to use and interpret linguistic forms. It extends to both knowledge and expectation of who may or may not to speak in certain setting, when to speak and when to remain silent, whom one may speak to, how one may talk to persons of different statuses and roles, how to ask for and give information, how to request, how to give command, etc. in short, everything involving the use of language and other communicative dimensions in particular social setting.

#2

hampir seratus tahun yang lalu kumpulan catatan kuliah Ferdinand de Saussure pertama dipublikasikan oleh mahasiswanya dalam Course in General Linguistics (1916) dan telah menjadi sumber rujukan bagi peneliti linguistik dan pada kelas-kelas linguistik di institusi pendidikan di seluruh dunia bahkan sampai di putaran milenia baru. Sejak itu begitu banyak aspek bahasa dan penggunaan bahasa terutama pada konsep kalimat yang telah diteliti dan dipublikasikan